如何进行T形芽接？T形芽接方法步骤

植物图片 2020-01-03 21:18

芽接的方式很多，实践中多采用“T”形和“工”字形芽接。“T”形芽接砧木切成“T"字形，芽片为盾形，因此又称盾形芽接。具体步骤如下：

T形芽接图

（1）砧木处理：在离根际5—6厘米处，选择茎杆光滑的地方，横切一刀，深度以切断砧木皮层为度，再从横切处中间垂直向下切一刀，长1.3—1.5厘米，这样便形成一个“T”形切口。用芽接刀挑开砧皮，待插芽。

（2）削接：芽采用当年生充实健壮的枝条做接穗，剪去枝条上的叶子，保留叶柄。左手拿接穗，右手拿芽接刀。在芽的上面0.3—0.4厘米处，用芽接刀横切一刀，深达木质部，再在芽的下方1厘米处向上斜削一刀，深达木质部，削到与芽上面的切口相遇。然后用右手轻轻取下盾形芽片，芽片内稍带一点木质部。

（3）嫁接：先挑去芽片内的木质部，保留芽及韧皮部，以输送养分和水分。然后用左手将芽片立即插入砧木，注意芽片上端皮层要紧靠，最后用先前挑开的砧木皮层覆盖接芽。

（4）绑缚：用塑料带从上绑缚，逐渐向下缠，露出芽和叶柄，其他处不要留缝隙，最后打结。绑扎要松紧适度，不要压伤芽片。

（5）成活检查：过一段时间后，用手轻轻碰触叶柄，如一碰即落，就有成活的可能性，只要以后芽口保持鲜绿，就有成活的希望。如碰不落，芽片干枯，说明嫁接失败，可进行补接。

（6）剪砧：叶芽生长后，绑缚物宜及时除去。剪砧通常留到第二年春天进行，当年剪除一部分枝叶，剪断处应在接口上方2厘米，断面应向芽对面倾斜。

其他还有倒“工”字形芽接、“十”字形芽接等方法，嫁接步骤与“T”字形芽接基本相同。

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